This converts float/int to string for things like commit: or versionName:.
For versionCode, which must be an integer, it throws an exception if the
data is any other type.
* makes per-build entries in per-app entries
* `fdroid scanner --json --verbose` will output logging messages to stderr
* removed " at line N" from one message to make them uniform keys
* this will be used in issuebot
This is a second attempt with tests for how `fdroid build` calls the
scanner functions. closes#771. It was previously merged in !748 then
reverted in 68c072c72e
* makes per-build entries in per-app entries
* `fdroid scanner --json --verbose` will output logging messages to stderr
* removed " at line N" from one message to make them uniform keys
* this will be used in issuebot
import is a strict keyword in Python, so it is not possible to import a
module called 'import', even with things like:
* import fdroidserver.import
* from fdroidserver import import
These days, the location that overrides all the others is in the android{}
block of the build.gradle file that loads the com.android.application
plugin. So this should be the preferred place to read these values.
test files GPL licensed: https://github.com/Integreight/1Sheeld-Android-App
http://example.org/index-v1.jar now returns the HTTP header
"Content-Encoding: gzip" but then the reply is plain HTML. That
triggers a ContentDecodingError instead of an HTTPError, so this
changes the test to success on any RequestsException.
This makes it so running `../fdroid update --nosign --pretty` in tests/ no
longer creates a diff in the tests/*/index* files. It matches the order
set in tests/run-tests.
These entries are hardcoded as a single line in all the app stores, so
newlines should be stripped to get the data simple to use. This is in
contrast with the on-disk format for Fastlane and Triple-T, which includes
a newline in the title.txt and short_description.txt files. I think all
files in those systems are normalized to end in a newline.
6d0b1bbe6fae0909683f2c6a154515bc4bfcb674 didn't handle the
allow_disabled_algorithm case at all, so we add it back.
This additionally fixes a (previously existing) bug where setting
allow_disabled_algorithms to True didn't move apks back from archive to
repo. Introduce a new test for this.
The disabled_algorithm archiving logic is still all over the place so
ideally that needs a future refactor.
Python PIL is not so tolerant, so bad EXIF causes crashes:
File "/var/lib/jenkins/userContent/reproducible/reproducible_fdroid_build_apps/fdroidserver/update.py", line 2088, in main
insert_localized_app_metadata(apps)
File "/var/lib/jenkins/userContent/reproducible/reproducible_fdroid_build_apps/fdroidserver/update.py", line 978, in insert_localized_app_metadata
_strip_and_copy_image(os.path.join(root, f), destdir)
File "/var/lib/jenkins/userContent/reproducible/reproducible_fdroid_build_apps/fdroidserver/update.py", line 754, in _strip_and_copy_image
in_image = Image.open(fp)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/PIL/Image.py", line 2687, in open
% (filename if filename else fp))
OSError: cannot identify image file <_io.BufferedReader name='build/org.sw24softwares.starkeverben/fastlane/metadata/android/en-US/images/featureGraphic.png'>
Using a filename based on the hash of the contents means that the caching
algorithms for fdroidclient and browsers can safely cache the file forever
using the filename, since this guarantees that the contents will never
change for a given filename.
This does not cover screenshots, only icon.png, featureGraphic.png,
tvBanner.png, and promoGraphic.png.
fdroidserver#689
fdroid-website!453
This was done with much help from @uniqx. This is the first level of
supporting APK Signatures v1, v2, and v3. This is enough to include
APKs with any combo of v1/v2/v3 signatures. For this to work at all,
apksigner and androguard 3.3.3+ must be installed.
closes#399
699b3e4c69 got it wrong for targetSdkVersion.
Also, one confusing thing is that aapt outputs "sdkVersion: '3'" for
com.politedroid_3.apk but no "sdkVersion:" for no.min.target.sdk_987.apk.
F-Droid never really supported running on android-1 or android-2, so it
seems pointless to debug support for them.
androguard parses the whole APK before handing the instance back, this uses
the primitives to just find the <application android:debuggable=""> value,
then stop parsing.
#557
Normally, androguard parses the entire APK before it is possible to get any
values from it. This uses androguard primitives to only attempt to parse
the AndroidManifest.xml, then to quit as soon as it gets what it needs.
This greatly speeds up the parsing (1 minute vs 60 minutes).
fdroid/fdroidserver#557
pickle can serialize executable code, while JSON is only ever pure data.
The APK cache is only ever pure data, so no need for the security risks of
pickle. For example, if some malicious thing gets write access on the
`fdroid update` machine, it can write out a custom tmp/apkcache which would
then be executed. That is not possible with JSON.
This does just ignore any existing cache and rebuilds from scratch. That is
so we don't need to maintain pickle anywhere, and to ensure there are no
glitches from a conversion from pickle to JSON.
closes#163
Debian's autopkgtest defaults to considering any output on stderr as a sign
that the tests failed. it is simple to make this achieve that standard, so
it seems worth it for now at least.
Trying to reuse the pip test run is now a lot more work than just
writing it cutstom for each target platform.
Ubuntu/trusty does not have androguard 3.1.x nor aapt >= 26.x, so
using trusty's aapt will always have errors scraping some names from
APKs. This continues to use Google's binary.
`apt-get update` is now disabled by default by Travis, this adds it
back so that the latest files from the PPA are used.
Here's one example of an issue with pip on trusty:
https://github.com/requests/requests/issues/4006
pip3 install --quiet -e /home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver/env/lib/python-wheels/setuptools-3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources.py", line 2482, in _dep_map
return self.__dep_map
File "/home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver/env/lib/python-wheels/setuptools-3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources.py", line 2344, in __getattr__
raise AttributeError(attr)
AttributeError: _DistInfoDistribution__dep_map
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 278, in run
requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
File "/home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pip/req.py", line 1266, in prepare_files
req_to_install.extras):
File "/home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver/env/lib/python-wheels/setuptools-3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources.py", line 2291, in requires
dm = self._dep_map
File "/home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver/env/lib/python-wheels/setuptools-3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources.py", line 2484, in _dep_map
self.__dep_map = self._compute_dependencies()
File "/home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver/env/lib/python-wheels/setuptools-3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources.py", line 2517, in _compute_dependencies
common = frozenset(reqs_for_extra(None))
File "/home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver/env/lib/python-wheels/setuptools-3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources.py", line 2514, in reqs_for_extra
if req.marker_fn(override={'extra':extra}):
File "/home/travis/build/fdroidtravis/fdroidserver/env/lib/python-wheels/setuptools-3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/_markerlib/markers.py", line 113, in marker_fn
return eval(compiled_marker, environment)
File "<environment marker>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'platform_system' is not defined
For some reason, the parser stopped working intermittently, even
though the format has been the same since aapt 23 or earlier. Then
also, some of the test cases pointed to symlinks that were no longer
generated, and one test app now has a blank versionName.
Strange that this wasn't caught in the gitlab-ci runs. !484
FAIL: test_get_api_id_aapt (__main__.CommonTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./common.TestCase", line 578, in testA_get_api_id_aapt
self.assertEqual(versionName, vn)
AssertionError: '0.1' != "0.1' platformBuildVersionName='4.3.1-1425645"
- 0.1
+ 0.1' platformBuildVersionName='4.3.1-1425645
Instead of just crashing, first try to use the versionName as written in the
build metadata, otherwise just let it be blank. A blank versionName will
cause fdroidclient < 1.3 to crash. Blank versionNames are not allowed in
the .txt metadata format, only .yml.
closes#477closes#478
closes fdroidclient#1416
closes fdroidclient#1417
closes fdroidclient#1418
fdroiddata!3061
An APK (Netflix) was found to have the following icon filename:
\u2003\u2009\n.xml
This breaks the aapt dump parsing because it iterates line by line and
this filename goes across two lines. Consequently, icon_src will be
None (default value) when it is passed to the icons parser.
This code has never been used and contains some insecure uses of shell=True
Building Kivy apps should be done with the buildozer=yes method. The
buildozer method should probably be moved to a provisioner once that is in
place.
Generating a keystore is quite slow since it means a new RSA key is created.
That only needs to happen in the tests that check that it actually happened,
otherwise the test can just reuse the stored test keystore.
closes#432
These were both spamming the output with lots of confusing messages, even
when --verbose was not used. Jarsigner especially has confusing messages,
since it has warnings that do not pertain to APK signatures at all, like
the ones about timestamps and missing Certificate Authority.
closes#405
A full run of the test suite takes quite a bit of time. This removes one
of the 3 runs from the main 'tests' job, and puts it into the Fedora job.
That test run is mostly to make sure the setup.py and source tarball are
correctly, so that doesn't affect merge requests very often.
This also tests `pip install --user`, which was not really being tested
before.
This came about testing on OSX, where there are often multiple versions of
the JDK installed. This was choosing the oldest version. It should
choose the most recent version.
This works around the gradle 2.x bug where versions newer than 2.9 cannot
run things. This also then specifies the version of Gradle Android Plugin
that is included in Debian/stretch.
This fixes all the bugs I could find that prevented fdroid from
handling files with spaces in them. This is more important now that
fdroid supports random media files, and Repomaker
This filename has some messed up bytes related to bi-directional script
that is included (Left-to-Right and Right-to-Left). GNU/Linux always
interprets filenames as pure byte sequences. Windows and OSX store
filenames as Unicode strings. So on OSX, the invalid filename gets
converted to a valid name. That works fine, but the test fails because it
is compared to a file generated on Ubuntu, where it preserves the byte
sequence.
This includes an APK with a valid Unicode filename that includes
bi-directional script.
apksigner v0.7 (build-tools 26.0.1), Google made it require that the
AndroidManifest.xml was present in the archive before it verifies the
signature. So this needs to stick with the jarsigner hack for JARs.
There is a hardcoded template in update.py, and there is also the
possibility for the user to create a template.yml. This tests both of them
and cleans up the related code a bit.
#352!310
With the new localization support, the name/summary/description in the
metadata file becomes the global override. So most apps are not going to
have those fields present in their metadata file. This fixes the index.xml
generation to fall back to the localized versions of those fields when they
are not set in the metadata field.
https://forum.f-droid.org/t/what-has-happend-to-osmand
It turns out it is error prone to `git push` to a non-bare git repo. For
the offline signing machine, the git remote needs to be a regular git repo
in a directory on a thumbdrive so that once the thumbdrive is plugged into
an online machine, that git repo can be transferred to the online machine.
Since the mirror URLs are per repo section (repo/archive), the mirror URLs
must include the repodir at the end. This was missing for servergitmirrors
found by @cde when working on fdroidclient#35
For cases like the OpenVPN vuln that was recently announced, it is useful
for fdroiddata maintainers to be able to mark builds that have known
vulnerabilities.
The new policy is to move APKs with invalid signatures to the archive,
and only add those APKs to the archive's index if they have valid MD5
signatures.
closes#323closes#292
The original logic was checking keepversions against the len() of ALL the
APKs in the repo/archive. The correct thing is to check against the
number of APKs available for the given packageName/appid.
closes#166
`fdroid update` crashed for apps that only had screenshots but no graphics
or localized texts because destdir was not being set in that case. This
fixes that and adds a test case.
closes#320!286
If working with a random grabbag of APKs, there can be all sorts of
issues like corrupt entries in the ZIP, bad signatures, signatures that
are invalid since they use MD5, etc. Moving these two checks later means
that the APKs can be renamed still.
This does change how common.getsig() works. For years, it returned
None if the signature check failed. Now that I've started working
with giant APK collections gathered from the wild, I can see that
`fdroid update` needs to be able to first index what's there, then
make decisions based on that information. So that means separating
the getsig() fingerprint fetching from the APK signature verification.
This is not hugely security sensitive, since the APKs still have to
get past the Android checks, e.g. update signature checks. Plus the
APK hash is already included in the signed index.
With a generic file, the file name is the only guaranteed name metadata
field. So if the name is not specified in the metadata, then the name
is set to the filename. This changes that so that the file extension is
stripped from that generated name.
This is useful for parsing APK files, which can include packageName,
versionCode, and optionally 7 char signing key ID (i.e. <sig>).
This also can set the packageName and versionCoe for non APK files, so
that it is easy to assign them to metadata files, and to allow for
upgrades by setting the versionCode in the filename.
Really, it is the fdroidclient parser of index.xml that fails, due to the
hardcoded expectation that there will only ever be a single APK for any
given versionCode. We keep index.xml backwards compatible for old
clients, and use index-v1.json to support new things. Having multiple
APKs that have the same packageName and versionCode will break the client
v0.103.* since that version uses index-v1.json, but still has the hard-
coded database parsing stuff.
#153
uses the standard package.name_123.apk. If that exists, it appends the
shasum. If that exists, then its a duplicate, so its deleted. This should
help @SergeWinters with his 12,000 APKs.
There are many APKs out in the wild that claim to be the same app and
version and each other, but they are signed by different keys. fdroid
should be able to index these, and work with them. This supports having
the developer's signature via reproducible builds, random collections of
APKs like repomaker, etc.
This is some very messy logic built up since 2010. This will all go away
once we have a python3 version of androguard available.
The removed imports and `dir(APK)` is to silence pyflakes
closes#303
This is a little omission. keys that are used in metadata/*.yml all start
with an UpperCase letter, but in fdroidserver, index-v1.json, and
fdroidclient, it is all camelCase with lowercase first letter. The keys
from the 'localized' section are currently never in metadata/*.yml, so
these keys never get downcase. This change will break fdroidclient
versions that do not also have this change, but since we're in alpha, that
should be fine.
If support for a 'localized' section is added to metadata/*.yml, then the
keys there should probably be UpperCase CamelCase to match the other keys.
Fastlane Supply, Triple-T Gradle Play Publisher, and many app stores
include the possibility to specify a website for the author, as distinct
from the website for the app.
closes#204
This uses the "What's New" entry for the CurrentVersionCode and includes it
as the current WhatsNew metadata for the App class.
Things like fastlane supply and Google Play support a "What's New" entry
per-APK, but fdroidclient does not current use anything but the current
version of this data. Right now, it seems we probably only want to have
the latest WhatsNew in the index to save space.
In theory, we could make the WhatsNew data structure follow the structure
of fastlane/Play, but that would quite a bit of complexity for something
that might never be used.
fdroidclient#910
This option was not hooked up at all, and does not make sense as a command
line argument. It should just be a config.py item. In that case, the
presence of config.py marks the current dir as a repo, so there is no
longer a need to test for a dir called repo/ as a safety. This makes the
setup easier, since sync_from_localcopy() now creates repo/ for the user.
Since `fdroid server update` is the place where all uploads to servers
happens, it makes sense to also handle the git push for the binary
transparency log here instead of `fdroid btlog`
Google has their own utility for verifying APK signatures on a desktop
machine since Java's jarsigner is bad for the task. For example, it
acts as if an unsigned APK validates. And to check whether an APK is
unsigned using jarsigner is difficult.
apksigner also does the v2 signatures, so it will have to be used
eventually anyway. It is already in Debian/stretch and can be
available in jessie-backports if need be.
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/tools/apksighttps://packages.debian.org/apksigner
The ZIP format allows multiple entries with the exact same filename, and on
top of that, it does not allow deleting or updating entries. To make the
`fdroid verify` procedure failsafe, it needs to create a new temporary APK
that is made up on the contents of the "unsigned APK" and the signature
from the "signed APK". Since it would be possible to give a signed APK as
in the unsigned one's position, `fdroid verify` was not able to update the
signature since it was just adding the new signature to the end of the ZIP
file. When reading a ZIP, the first entry is used.
This is a bit different than index.jar: instead of their being index.xml
and index_unsigned.jar, the presense of index-v1.json means that there is
unsigned data. That file is then stuck into a jar and signed by the
signing process. index-v1.json is never published to the repo. It is
included in the binary transparency log, if that is enabled.
This just makes it easier for people writing build recipes. Rewriting will
output a list of strings as well.
The test index.xml and categories.txt are updated to include the new number
categories, and the changed CurrentVersionCode to 2147483647 (MAX_VALUE)
This syncs up the field names between the fdroiddata .yml files, the keys
used in the implementation in fdroidserver, the index data format, and the
final data structures in fdroidclient. This makes it easier for devs to
follow, and makes the Jackson parsing library automatically handle
converting the data from the index file to Java instances.
This bumps the metadata version since the apkcache will have to be
discarded.
Here are the name changes:
* apkname --> apkName
* id --> packageName
* sha256 --> hash
* version --> versionName
* versioncode --> versionCode
tests/repo/index.xml was changed only to bump the metadata version
from 17 to 18.
Python encode/decode libs work directly with dicts, so the internal dict
can just be passed directly to any of these libs (pyyaml, pyjson, msgpack,
simplejson, etc). This still generates the exact same index.xml as before.
This converts the internal format for the repo timestamp to a datetime
instance, which can be easily converted to UNIX time in seconds for XML
and UNIX time in milliseconds for the new index formats. UNIX time in
milliseconds is directly serialized into a java.util.Date instance by
Jackson.
Since it is now possible to build and include arbitrary files, like OTA
update ZIP files, the update procedure needs to look for non-APK files that
match the packageName_versionCode pattern of fdroid-generated files.
!193
admin#14
privileged-extension#9
This lets index-v1 be parsed directly into class instances because the
field/instance var names match exactly. The original index v0 element
must retain the 'lastupdated' name for backwards compatibility.
If a group of items are enclosed in {}, then that will be a Python set,
which does not preserve order. To preserve order, the data must be either
a tuple () or list [].
Since https://gitlab.com/fdroid/ci-test-app is a separate git repo, things
with incompatible changes could get out of sync. Therefore, this test
should specify which git commit is runs against.
For example, the .fdroid.yml file is still a moving target. Just now, the
keys had the spaces removed as part of this MR.
In the future, we should have better internal datatypes for this stuff,
i.e. instead of gradle: ['yes'] for True, actually use a boolean. For now,
make the YAML and JSON metadata produce the same internal data as .txt.
This requires manually running it. I suppose it would be possible to
include a snapshot of the dumped internal representation for each release,
then make the tests run automatically against that. Right now, the dump is
17megs of YAML. Seems large to include in this git repo.
Like with the App class in the commit before, this makes it a lot
easier to work with this data when converting between the internal
formats and external formats like YAML, JSON, MsgPack, protobuf, etc.
The one unfortunate thing here is Build.update. It becomes
dict.update(), which is a method not an attribute.
build.get('update') or build['update'] could be used, but that would
be oddly inconsistent. So instead the field is renamed to
'androidupdate', except for in the .txt v0 metadata files. This better
describes what field does anyway, since it runs `android update`.
Build.update is only referenced in two places right next to each other
for the ant builds, so this change still seems worthwhile.
Python is heavily based on its core data types, and dict is one of the more
important ones. Even classes are basically a wrapper around a dict. This
converts metadata.App to be a subclass of dict so it can behave like a dict
when being dumped and loaded. This makes its drastically easier to use
different data formats for build metadata and for sending data to the
client. This approach will ultimately mean we no longer have to maintain
custom parsing and dumping code.
This also means then that the YAML/JSON field names will not have spaces in
them, and they will match exactly what it used as the dict keys once the
data is parsed, as well as matching exactly the instance attribute names:
* CurrentVersion: 1.2.6
* app['CurrentVersion'] == '1.2.6'
* app.CurrentVersion == '1.2.6'
Inspired by:
https://goodcode.io/articles/python-dict-object/
The original index.xml format needs to stay around for backwards
compatibility, but we shouldn't touch it anymore once the new format is in
place. This is a test to make sure `fdroid update` can still generate the
correct XML.
install_list and uninstall_list should be tuples or lists in order to
ensure that the order is preserved.
These tests also check that the added and lastupdated dates are
working correct, based on the dates in tests/stats/known_apks.txt. I
could see no useful way to test the timestamp, it is just hardcoded
using a regexp search-and-replace. Running these tests manually might
require deleting tmp/apkcache.
When making code changes related to the metadata parsing, it is useful to
see how the internal format has changed by seeing the differences in the
dump files. Those files are currently in the binary .pickle format. This
just straight converts them to YAML, which is a text format, so that normal
diff tools work to see changes.
The dump files are named .yaml instead of .yml since .yml is used for hand-
edited YAML files for fdroiddata/metadata, while these dump files here are
a human readable form of a Python pickle.
JSON and YAML are very closely related, so supporting both of them is
basically almost no extra work. Both are also closely related to how
Python works with dicts and pickles. XML is a very different beast, and its
not popular for this kind of thing anyway, so just purge it.
This allows a source repo to include a complete metadata file so that it
can be built directly in place using `fdroid build`. If that app is then
included in fdroiddata, it will first load the source repo type and URL
from fdroiddata, then read .fdroid.yml if it exists, then include the rest
of the metadata as specified in fdroiddata, so that fdroiddata has
precedence over the metadata in the source code.
This lets `fdroid build` apps without having a whole fdroiddata setup, but
instead just directly in place in the source code. This also lets devs
optionallu maintain the fdroid metadata as part of their app, rather than
in fdroiddata without loosing any control. This should make it easier to
spread around the maintenance load.
Something like `gradle: yes` in YAML will be parsed as a boolean, since
'yes' is officially defined as a boolean true in YAML. For metadata fields
that need to be lists, this needs to be converted. Same goes for a single
string like `gradle: customFlavor`.
This makes sure there is a GPG signature on any file that is included in
the repo, including APKs, OBB, source tarballs, media files, OTA update
ZIPs, etc. Having a GPG signature is more important on non-APK files since
they mostly do not have any signature mechanism of their own.
This also adds basic tests of adding non-APK/OBB files to a repo with
`fdroid update`.
closes#232
This makes it so that the final build product can be specified in output=
and it'll work no matter if its an APK or not. This was developed around
the case of building the OTA update.zip for the Privileged Extension. It
should work for any build process in theory but it has not yet been tested.
https://gitlab.com/fdroid/privileged-extension/issues/9
It is now possible for the server operator to specify lists of apps that
must be installed or deleted on the client (aka "push installs). If
the user has opted in, or the device is already setup to respond to
these requests, then fdroidclient will automatically install/delete
the packageNames listed. This is protected by the same signing key
as the app index metadata.
It generates single XML elements with the data set in the attributes. This
keeps the XML compact and easily extensible, e.g. for adding versionCode,
signingKey, etc as attributes:
<install packageName="com.fsck.k9"/>
<install packageName="at.bitfire.davdroid"/>
<delete packageName="com.facebook.orca"/>
Copyright: 2016 Blue Jay Wireless
Signed-off-by: Hans-Christoph Steiner <hans@eds.org>
closes#177
`fdroid update` should be able to handle any valid filename (hopefully
aapt doesn't barf on them). To handle that, the environment where the
shell commands are run in needs to have a UTF-8 locale set. If LANG is
not set, things default to ASCII and UTF-8 filenames fail.
This also renames test APK with lots of Unicode chars as a test case.
closes#167
Also, remove jdk7 as it will become unused. We added jdk8 for
retrolambda, and now that we will use jdk8 as the default, jdk7 is
unnecessary as retrolambda can work fine with just jdk8.
This removes it from the buildserver, and the new CI image also only has
jdk8 from jessie-backports.
Fixes#185.
This replaces the current default behavior of always forcing the
build_tools version and allows the user to set build-tools forcing in
config.py.
closes#147
It always wants to install packages into /usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 295, in run
requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1436, in install
requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 672, in install
self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 902, in move_wheel_files
pycompile=self.pycompile,
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 214, in move_wheel_files
clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 176, in clobber
os.makedirs(dest)
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/os.py", line 237, in makedirs
mkdir(name, mode)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages'
